Radon, a dangerous gas that can lead to cancer, is present in many Canadian homes without detection through sight or smell.
Recent data reveals that approximately 20% of residential structures in Canada have elevated radon levels, a statistic that has more than doubled since the late 2000s. Each year, around 3,200 individuals in the country succumb to lung cancer induced by radon exposure.
The gas, originating from the ground, infiltrates buildings nationwide, with contemporary building designs and refurbishments likely contributing to the increased risk of exposure for Canadians in their own residences.
Pawel Mekarski, the head of radon technical operations at Health Canada, highlighted the impact of sealing homes tightly to retain heat in cold climates, especially during renovations that often focus on enhancing airtightness without considering adequate ventilation.
An update to the national building code, released in late December, mandates newly constructed homes to incorporate a passive radon stack, resembling a chimney, to mitigate indoor radon accumulation. However, the adoption of this requirement by provinces and territories is still pending.
Mekarski expressed optimism about the potential adoption of these systems in future Canadian homes.
For existing homes at risk of high radon levels, determining radon presence necessitates testing.
How to assess radon levels in your home
Experts recommend testing for radon to determine its concentration in your residence.
The testing process is straightforward: individuals can either engage a radon measurement professional or purchase a test kit. Some communities offer free radon monitors through local resources like libraries or public health units. Health Canada advises testing homes for a minimum of 91 days, ideally extending to three to 12 months for precise results, particularly during colder periods when windows and doors are typically closed, trapping more radon indoors.
With millions of Canadians living in homes with high amounts of invisible and toxic radon gas, CBC’s Lauren Pelley explains how to test for it, and what to do if it’s found.
Implementing radon mitigation systems
The current national standard for indoor radon levels is set at 200 becquerels per cubic meter (Bq/m3), a unit measuring radioactivity decay rates.
If a home’s readings surpass this threshold, the Take Action on Radon program offers access to certified radon professionals who can install mitigation systems. These systems typically involve a pipe extending from the foundation floor to the roof, equipped with a fan to expel radon outdoors before it enters the premises. Installation procedures are usually completed within a day or less.
However, homeowners are typically responsible for the financial burden of these mitigation measures, with limited funding options available through a mix of charitable and government-based initiatives in various regions.
For instance, Ontario includes radon mitigation coverage under its home warranty program for up to seven years post-construction. Manitoba offers a distinct financing scheme enabling households to spread out mitigation expenses over their utility bills.
Out-of-pocket expenses for mitigation systems can range from $2,000 to $5,000 or higher, depending on the property’s size, structure, and location.